Abstract: Rapid and accurate acquisition of soil stratification information is important for soil profile survey. Soil stratification is an important guideline for soil quality evaluation and determines regional land productivity to some extent. Compared with traditional soil profile survey methods, ground penetrating radar (GPR) with non-destructive, continuous and large-scale advantages has great application potential. However, due to the heterogeneity of natural soil and the complexity of data processing technology, the GPR research is still in its initial stage, and there are still great limitations for large-scale field detection. This paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of various detection methods of GPR, comments the application of building models and discusses the main factors affecting the detection accuracy, such as seasonal change, water and salt content, soil compaction, soil texture, etc. The existing problems and research prospects are put forward: it should be combined with the traditional detection methods and other technologies and strengthen the research on the suitability conditions and simplify the data analysis methods of GPR.