Abstract: The objective of this study was to explore the spatial variability of soil fertility indices and soil fertility quality in providing guideline for basin management.Based on the soil from irrigation area in Shi Yang River Basin the index system of soil fertility was established and,the fertility level was evaluated by Fuzzy Analysis.It was found that there was a greater spatial variability between west and east for the soil fertility in Shi Yang River Basin,which was gradually reduced from the west to the east.The soil fertility in the middle reaches of Liangzhou District was higher,The evaluation results indicated the comprehensive index of soil fertility was from 0.53 to 0.63.The soil fertility of Minqin County in the downstream was poor with comprehensive index of soil fertility from 0.41 to 0.49.