Abstract: Soil carbon sequestration has turned into a key issue in the global carbon research and been given great attentions.The physical protection of soil organic carbon through aggregates is one of the most important mechanisms of C sequestration.The initial soil organic carbon plays an irreplaceable role in the formation of soil aggregates and aggregate structure.When land use,tillage practices and fertilization change,the role of aggregates and aggregate structure in soil organic carbon sequestration become more prominent.There are numerous pores existing inter-and intra-aggregates,so aggregate pore structure is used to characterize the aggregates structure.The number of pores,pore size,pore shape and spatial distribution of pores affect soil water movement,plant root growth,soil biological activity and soil organic carbon distribution,and thereby affect soil C sequestration.This paper analyzes the relationships among water,plant roots,soil organisms and aggregate pore structure,and the roles of these factors in the dynamics of soil organic carbon,and outlines the deficiency of the present research.Meanwhile,it expounds the applications of different computed tomography (CT) techniques in detecting soil aggregate structure and corresponding data extraction method,also discusses the effects of organic carbon stabilization by aggregate pore structure.In the end,this paper points out further studies which needs be strengthened in this area.