Abstract: With the red soil developed from quaternary red clay as the research object,this paper studied the distribution of soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable base cations under different land use patterns,including krasnozem waste land (WL),upland (UL),orchard (OR) and tea garden (TG) in the sloping farmland of red soil,and the influencing factors on soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable base cations were discussed.Result showed that:(1)The soil CEC in the study area ranged from 13.48 to 16.31 cmol·kg^-1,indicating that its nutrient-holding capability was at a moderate level; there was no significant difference in soil cation exchange capacity (CEC); the soil clay had a great contribution to soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) (p>0.05).(2)The total exchangeable base (TEB) content ranged from 1.73 to 5.01 cmol·kg^-1,and the size order of exchangeable base cations was Ca²⁺>Mg²⁺>K⁺>Na⁺; the content of exchangeable base cations differed significantly under different land use patterns (p<0.05),and their content was higher in upland and orchard than in that of tea garden and krasnozem waste land; except for orchard 0~10 cm soil layer,exchangeable Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ content was lower than that of 10 cm~40 cm soil layer and exchangeable K⁺ and Na⁺ showed an opposite trend; soil clay was the major factor contributing to exchangeable Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺,and soil organic matter and clay had a little influence on exchangeable K⁺ and Na⁺.(3) The base saturation percentage (BSP) ranged from 4.33 to 19.86%,illustrating that soil fertility level was lower; the base saturation percentage (BSP) was different significantly among land use patterns (p<0.05); the base saturation percentage (BSP) had no significant effects on pH value (p>0.05).