施氮量对北方梯田旱地玉米产量、氮素利用及土壤硝态氮含量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Corn Yield, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Soil Nitrate Content in Northern Terraced Dry Land

  • 摘要: 在北方梯田旱地山地黄麻土上,应用全覆膜双垄沟播栽培技术,选用金凯5号为试验材料,通过3年定位试验,研究施氮量对玉米产量、氮肥利用率及氮素平衡与硝态氮时空分布的影响。结果表明:随着施氮量的增加,籽粒产量呈先增加后降低的趋势。适宜的施氮量为180 kg·hm-2~225 kg·hm-2,3年平均子粒产量、植株吸氮量、平均当季氮肥利用率、累积氮肥利用率、累积氮肥农学利用率、累积氮肥偏生产力和施氮纯利润分别为:12 213 kg·hm-2~12 321 kg·hm-2、183 kg·hm-2~201.3 kg·hm-2、23.4%~25.9%、45.6%~51.3%、20.4 kg·kg-1~24.9 kg·kg-1、54.8 kg·kg-1~67.9 kg·kg-1、2 562元·hm-2~3 363元·hm-2。本试验条件下,连作玉米施氮200 kg·hm-2可提高氮素利用率,氮素达到平衡,氮素当季平均利用率达到最大值,能有效防控0~2 m土层内硝态氮含量与累积的风险,实现玉米高产与保护生态环境的目的。

     

    Abstract: A 3-year experiment was conducted under the all-film covering with double ridge-furrow sowing technology to study the interactive effects of nitrogen application rate on corn yield, N use efficiency and soil nitrate spatial distribution in northern dry land terraced fields. The results indicated that with the increase of nitrogen application rate, grain yield showed an up and down trend. Across three-year, when the nitrogen application rate was 180 kg·hm-2~225 kg·hm-2, the average grain yield, plant nitrogen uptake, seasonal N fertilizer utilization rate, accumulated N fertilizer utilization rate, accumulated N fertilizer agronomic utilization rate, accumulated nitrogen partial factor productivity,and N fertilizer pure profit were:12 213 kg·hm-2~12 321 kg·hm-2,183 kg·hm-2~201.3 kg·hm-2,23.4%~25.9%, 45.6%~51.3%,20.4 kg·kg-1~24.9 kg·kg-1,54.8 kg·kg-1~67.9 kg·kg-1,2 562 yuan·hm-2~3 363 yuan·hm-2 respectively. 200 kg·hm-2 nitrogen application rate in continuous corn cultivation increased nitrogen use efficiency, and achieved nitrogen equilibrium with maximum seasonal N fertilizer utilization rate, which could effectively controllthe risk of soil nitrate accumulation in 0~2 m soil profile, and achieved the goal of high corn yield and environmental protection.

     

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