Abstract: A greenhouse pot-experiment was conducted in this study to investigate the effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on physiological and biochemical characteristics and relative expression of AM fungi aquaporin genes (GintAQPF1 and GintAQPF2) of wild and cultivated soybean under water stress. Wild and cultivated soybeans were inoculated with AM fungi respectively, and uninoculated treatment as the control. Two water treatments (drought stress and normal irrigation condition) were applied to both the AM and non-AM plants. The results showed that:AM fungi inoculation stimulated the root growth of wild and cultivated soybean under drought stress, while the stimulation to stems was not significant. The content of free proline and the activity of Catalase (CAT) in AM soybeans were significantly higher than that in non-AM soybean under drought stress condition, and the highest increase was the AM wild soybean; however, the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) showed the opposite trend. The expression levels of GintAQPF1 and GintAQPF2 in AM soybeans were increased significantly, and the expression level of GintAQPF2 in wild soybean was significantly higher than that in cultivated soybean. These suggest that AM symbiosis could increase the accumulation of proline and the activity of CAT, improve the expression level of GintAQPF1 and GintAQPF2, and thus stimulate the growth of soybean roots.