Abstract: Selecting a common paddy soil to plant rape in field and pot experiments, we studied the effect of different fertilizations on rape seedling growth in a rice-rape rotation. The results showed that the root and leaf growth with application of N or NPK treatment was better than those with application of P or K treatment, respectively. The root-shoot ratio with application of N, P, or K treatment was lower than those with application of NPK treatment or CK, respectively. The application of P or K would benefit to rape leaf growth rather than to rape root growth. As the treatment was with application of N, P, or K, the content of N, P or K in rape stem was higher than that in rape root, respectively. Application of N or P treatment significantly increased N or P content in rape leaf, while application of K treatment significantly increased K content in rape root, respectively.