Abstract: Bacterivores is an important trophic group of soil nematodes. The web structure, formed via prey of bacterivores on bacteria, is one of the most important parts in soil microbial food web, which plays a key role in energy flow direction and size in soil food web. In this paper, we reviewed influences of bacterivores on bacteria population and community structure, described the dynamic balance between bacterivores and bacteria, and finally summarized the effects of major environment factors (soil moisture, soil temperature, soil oxygen content, soil C/N and pH) on community structure of bacterivores and bacteria. This review would benefit to the discovery of function and mechanism of soil food web, and provide useful information for further understanding soil ecological processes.