• 摘要: 土壤侵蚀发布系统作为定量研究土壤侵蚀过程的重要工具,一直是土壤侵蚀学科的前沿领域,其对于估算土壤流失速度、评估水土保持措施效益具有重要的科学意义。然而,现有土壤侵蚀发布系统多仅依靠一年内降雨事件或利用多年平均降雨数据进行潜在土壤侵蚀程度估算,无法对一次平均水平的土壤侵蚀事件进行定量描述,更无法回答土壤侵蚀在何时何地发生,侵蚀动态如何变化,以及降雨、地形、土壤、作物管理方式和极端事件的时空变化对土壤侵蚀的影响。作为土壤侵蚀发布系统领域最新研究进展的土壤侵蚀日发布系统DEP (Daily Erosion Project),解决了以往土壤侵蚀发布系统中出现的上述问题。DEP基于侵蚀模型、地理信息、土地利用、植被变化等信息,逐日模拟降雨、径流、剥离、土壤流失等定量指标,结合第二代气象雷达云图生成土壤侵蚀分布图,实现以日为步长的土壤侵蚀发布,成为首个土壤侵蚀日发布系统,已在美国成功应用。本文详细介绍了土壤侵蚀日发布系统,并对实例进行了分析,探讨了该系统在我国土壤侵蚀发布研究与应用中的前景。

     

    Abstract: Soil erosion release system is an important tool for quantitative research in soil erosion process and is regarded as a frontier domain in soil erosion discipline. Soil erosion release system has important scientific significance for estimating soil erosion rate and evaluating the efficiency of soil and water conservation measures. However, most of the existing soil erosion release systems just rely on few rainfall events during a year or use yearly average rainfall data to estimate the soil erosion degree. They can not describe what an average soil erosion event is, when and where soil erosion occurs and how soil erosion dynamically changes. In addition, they can not explain the effects of rainfall, topography, soil and crop managements, and temporal and spatial variation of an extreme event on soil erosion. As the latest research progress in soil erosion release system, Daily Erosion Project(DEP) could solve above-mentioned problems in the previous soil erosion release systems. Based on erosion model, geographic information, land use, vegetation change, by simulating daily precipitation, water runoff, detachment, soil loss, and combing with NEXRAD (Next-Generation Weather RADAR) cloud chart, DEP generates a chart of soil erosion condition with a step length of day. DEP can implement daily soil erosion release. As the first daily soil erosion release system, DEP has been applied successfully in USA. This paper gave a detailed introduction to DEP system, analyzed its application in the US, and discussed the research and application prospects of DEP in China's soil erosion release system.

     

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