日光温室番茄产量与土壤养分、植株养分的关系

Tomato yields in relation to soil nutrient and plant nutrient in solar greenhouse

  • 摘要: 以山东省日照市莒县、淄博市临淄及泰安市岱岳区的番茄日光温室为研究对象,通过对3个地区52个村庄367栋温室进行调查采样,结合化学分析和数理统计,从日光温室的土壤养分、植株养分与番茄产量的相互关系解析影响产量的因素,以期为营养诊断和科学施肥提供理论依据。结果表明,3个地区中,日照地区商品有机肥施用量最大,EC值最低,番茄产量最高(117 930 kg·hm-2),淄博地区化肥用量最大,EC值最高,产量最低(80 745 kg·hm-2);温室土壤碱解氮水平普遍偏低,有效磷、速效钾水平普遍偏高;土壤中微量元素供应相对充分,但个别元素如锰、锌在各温室间分布极不均匀;番茄产量与土壤速效养分、叶片养分与土壤速效养分间均未呈现一致性规律。土壤阴离子SO42-、PO43-、NO3-、Cl-与产量的呈极显著相关关系(R分别为-0.600,0.792,0.711和-0.627,P<0.01),产量受土壤EC值和阴离子的影响更显著,增施有机肥可减缓盐渍化趋势。EC值过高的淄博温室土壤SO42-、Cl-过量沉积,对其它离子的吸收与转运产生抑制效应,最终降低了产量。因此,针对肥力水平偏高的设施土壤,科学的营养诊断和施肥预测,不仅要考虑速效养分含量,更要考虑阴阳离子之间的平衡关系。

     

    Abstract: Aiming at providing theoretical basis for nutrition diagnosis and scientific fertilization, combined lab analysis with mathematical statistics, we analyzed the relationships between soil and plant nutrients with tomato yield based on selecting samples from 367 solar greenhouses of 52 villages in Ju county of Rizhao City, Linzi distict of Zibo City, and Daiyue district of Tai'an City, Shandong Province.The results showed that among the three districts, the most commercial organic fertilizer was used in Rizhao, with the lowest EC (333 μS·cm-1) but the highest tomato yield (117 930 kg·hm-2).The most chemical fertilizer was used in Zibo, with the highest EC(730 μS·cm-1) and the lowest tomato yield (80 745 kg·hm-2).Generally, soil available nitrogen was insufficient, and soil available phosphorus and potassium was higher than that of average value in Shandong Province.The soil available microelements were relatively sufficient, but the distributions of some microelements such as Mn and Zn were fairly uneven among greenhouses.No correlation was significant between soil available nutrients, leaf nutrients and tomato yield.However, the correlation coefficients between SO42-, PO43-, NO3-, Cl- and yields were all significant(R=-0.600, 0.792, 0.711, and -0.627.P<0.01.) respectively, which implied tomato yield was mostly influenced by EC value and anions in soil, and adding organic fertilizers may effectively relieve the soil salinization.The higher soil EC in Zibo caused excessive deposition of SO42- and Cl-, which restrained the absorption and transportation of other nutrients and finally decreased the tomato yield.Therefore, for nutrition diagnosis and fertilization prediction in higher fertility soils of greenhouses, both available nutrient contents and ion balance should be considered.

     

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