Abstract: Agriculture is the basis of national economy.Ensuring national food security and agricultural products safety is the primary task for building modern agriculture.However, with the rapid development of China's economy and the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, many cultivated lands have been occupied, with poor management and overuse of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other chemical products, which results in thinning soil plough layer, decreasing soil organic matter, non-balanced soil nutrients, serious soil and water erosion, aggravating soil acidification and heavy metal pollution in some areas, and accelerating soil degradation and pollution.The ecological environment quality of farmland is deteriorating, threatening agricultural product safety and people's health.The disproportionate economic development in different regions of China further result in unbalance of the quality of farmland ecological environment in different regions.This paper discussed the current situation of ecological environment quality in China's farmland and responsible reasons, and analyzed its developing trend.Strategies and approaches to realize the improvement targets for ecological environment quality of China's farmland were proposed from six aspects.