Abstract: Low in soil nutrients contents and soil fertility capacity restrain crop yield in sandy soil region.Typical sandy soil distributed in Chifeng in Inner Mongolia was selected to study the effects of constructing fertile cultivated soil layer with different soil depth(0-20 cm (D₂₀), 0-35 cm (D₃₅), 0-50 cm (D₅₀)) and constructing materials (black soil (F₁) and cow dung (F₂)) on soil fertility in short term, with no treatment as control (F₀).The results showed that the addition of black soil and cow dung treatments significantly increased sandy soil fertility compared with no constructing material applied(P<0.05).Compared with F₀ treatment, F₁ and F₂ treatments increased soil organic matter contents and storage carbon by 0.98-4.83 times and 0.43-2.55 times, respectively, while the contents of soil total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorous, available phosphorous and available potassium increased significantly(P<0.05) as well.The incorporation of black soil and cow dung could be implemented to construct fertile cultivated layer of sandy soil.Cow dung performed better effect than black soil in the term of cultivating sandy soil fertility, the constructing depth of 0-35 cm soil layer was proposed in the term of saving input of machinery.Cow dung and other organic material should be applied within 0-35 cm soil layer in order to improve soil fertility and agricultural productivity in sandy soil region.