Abstract: Saline-alkali soil is one of the important land resources in China.The development and utilization of saline-alkali soil is increasingly concerned by people.Microorganisms, as one of the most crucial members in the saline-alkali soil ecosystem, plays an important role on the soil ecological traits, the formation of soil physical and chemical properties and the soil improvement.Here, we reviewed the concerning research progress of microorganisms in saline-alkali soil of China from four aspects:the distribution and composition characteristics of bacterial and fungal community, the excavation of new microbial species, the functional microorganisms, and the effects of the improvement of saline-alkali soil on the soil microbial community.We finally prospected the four aspects of future research of the microorganisms in saline-alkali soils, which would provide a reference for the ecological study and resource excavation of the microorganism in saline-alkali soils.