化肥减量配施生物有机肥对秋马铃薯产量的影响
Effect of reduced chemical fertilizer plus biological fertilizer on autumn potato yield
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摘要: 化肥减量、配施有机肥是实现化肥减量增效的重要举措之一。采用烤烟套种秋马铃薯栽培模式,田间试验采取4种施肥模式:以常规施肥(施用配方肥(N∶P2O5∶K2O=16∶9∶10)1 500 kg·hm-2)为对照,常规施肥配施生物有机肥、常规施肥减量10%配施生物有机肥及常规施肥减量20%配施生物有机肥,探讨了化肥减量配施生物有机肥对秋马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明:化肥减量配施生物有机肥可使秋马铃薯块茎形成期提前,生育期缩短;提高秋马铃薯的抗病能力,促进生长,提高秋马铃薯产量和经济效益;常规施肥配施生物有机肥处理产量和经济效益仅增加5.3%和3.6%,而化肥减量10%后配施生物有机肥产量和经济效益分别增加4.5%和3.2%。在兼顾产量、效益和环境等因素下,常规施肥减化肥10%配施生物有机肥,能获得比常规施肥更高的产量和经济效益,该施肥方案是适合云南省秋马铃薯生产的施肥模式。Abstract: Reducing chemical fertilizer with addition of biological fertilizer is one of the important approaches to complement the reduction of chemical fertilizer application for better economic benefits.In an intercropping autumn potato with tobacco system, we conducted a field experiment with four fertilization treatments: T1, conventional fertilization; T2, T1 plus biological fertilizer; T3, 90% T1 plus biological fertilizer; T4, 80% T1 plus biological fertilizer.The results showed that, autumn potato with reduced chemical fertilizer plus biological fertilizer treatments advanced the tuber formation period and shortened the growth period; enhanced plant disease resistance and plant growth, and increased the yield and economic benefit.Compared with T1, T2 increased the yield and economic benefit by only 5.3% and 3.6%, while T3 increased by 4.5% and 3.2%, respectively.In a comprehensive consideration, T3 obtained a higher yield and better economic benefit than T1, which would be a suitable fertilization for autumn potato production in Yunnan Province.
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