Abstract: Hydrology and salinity in saline wetlands are two most important environmental factors directly affecting soil and growth, reproduction and distribution of vegetation.In recent years, the extreme influences from climate changes and anthropogenic activities have caused changes of hydrology and salinity in saline wetlands, and thus enlarging degradation area and increasing aridification and salinization for the wetland, which greatly damages the structure and function stability of the wetlands.In this paper, we summarized the researches concerning the effects of hydrology and salinity on germination, growth, reproduction and metabolism of vegetation as well as soil nutrients and microorganism in saline wetland.Then, we proposed future study highlights: (1) to study the responses of plant root nutrient turnover to different water and salt conditions to further understand the nutrient cycling mechanism in saline wetland; (2) to initiate an integral study concerning responses of nutrients-plant-microorganism to water-salt conditions.