Abstract: In this study,five Mollisols with different soil organic matter (SOM) contents were moved into two climate zones(MAT4.5,warmer climate; and MAT1.5,colder climate) by spatial transplanting.The effects of climate,SOM and fertilization on cellulase and β-glucosidase activities were investigated.The results showed that both warmer climate and fertilization could enhance cellulase activity; the activity decreased with the increasing SOM in the warmer climate but changed as "U" in the colder climate; while the β-glucosidase activity increased with the increasing SOM in two climate conditions and two fertilization treatments.Although fertilization could enhance β-glucosidase activity,the increasing rates were higher in the colder climate.Warmer climate also increased β-glucosidase activity,especially in the no fertilization treatment.The climate,soil organic matter contents and fertilization could significantly influence cellulase and β-glucosidase activities,however,the interactions among/between them could significantly affect the cellulase activity only.