Abstract: To explore how the different tillages influence soil microbial community structure and enzyme activities of Mollisols in northeast China,a long-term experiment was carried out in Lishu,Jilin province,including conventional tillage (CT),no-tillage without stover (NT-0) and no-tillage with total amount stover mulching (NT-100).The soil carbon,nitrogen and microbial community in the 0-5 cm,5-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layer under different tillages were measured.The results showed that different tillages influenced soil fertility,microbial biomass,structure,soil enzyme activities and their distribution among soil layers.The soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon content,bacterial,fungal and actinomycetes biomass,β-glucosidase (BG),cellobiohydrolase (CB) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) in NT-100 were significantly higher than in CT and NT-0 in the 0-5 cm surface layer,respectively.Stover retention accelerated the turnover and accumulation of soil organic carbon by microorganisms,and long-term no-tillage improved the stability of soil organic matter.No-tillage,especially with stover retention is an effective agricultural management practice to improve the Mollisols quality in northeast China.