Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers on nutrient translocation and yield components of dryland oil flax in Gansu Province.The results showed that the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the stems and leaves varied with different fertilization treatments,presenting a trend that increased first and then decreased during the whole growth period.The nitrogen content in leaves with the treatment of 90% furuinian soil conditioner instead of chemical fertilizer(F9) increased significantly by 13.6% and 50.9% at kernel and mature stage,respectively,and phosphorus content increased by 32.2% and 32.9%,compared with the treatment of single fertilizer(F1).The treatment of 90% furuinian soil conditioner instead of chemical fertilizer(F9) effectively increased the nitrogen content of flax stem at the budding-mature stage,while the treatment of 90% meat protein bio-organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer(F8) had a significant effect on increasing stem phosphorus content from bloom-mature stage.The nitrogen and phosphorus harvest index of dryland flax was the highest with the treatment of 90% furuinian soil conditioner instead of chemical fertilizer(F9),and the grain yield per unit area of flax was significantly increased by 3.5% compared with the treatment of single fertilizer(F1).90% Furuinian soil conditioner instead of chemical fertilizer(F9) was beneficial to promote the absorption and accumulation of nutrients in flax plant,and increased the yield of oil flax,which would be a more appropriate proportion of organic fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizer in local flax production.