蚯蚓对土壤碳氮循环关键过程的影响及其机制研究进展

Effects and mechanism of earthworms on soil organic carbon and nitrogen cycling: a review

  • 摘要: 蚯蚓作为典型的大型土壤动物,对土壤结构和功能的形成具有重要的影响,被称作土壤生态系统工程师。国内外关于蚯蚓对土壤理化性质、土壤微生物群落组成、有机质分解和土壤矿化等方面的研究较多,但其对土壤碳、氮循环关键过程的系统总结较少。本文总结了蚯蚓通过摄食、挖洞、产生蚓粪及促进团聚体形成等活动对土壤碳氮循环产生的直接影响,及对微生物活性产生的间接影响;系统总结了蚯蚓对土壤有机质分解、碳氮矿化和反硝化的影响及其机制。在全球变化背景下,未来应更加重视建立定量模型评估蚯蚓对土壤有机碳库的影响,系统研究蚯蚓与微生物以及其他驱动因子相互作用对碳氮循环关键过程的影响,与人类活动相结合开展多因素、多水平研究。研究方法上应综合应用同位素和分子生物学等研究手段,并结合室内控制与长期野外模拟试验。

     

    Abstract:

    Earthworms known as "ecological engineers", play an important role in shaping the structure of the soil system and affecting its function.More research has been focused on the effects of earthworms on soil physical and chemical properties, microbial communities change, organic matter decomposition and soil mineralization, while less attention is paid to their effects on the key processes of soil carbon and nitrogen cycling.This article reviewed the direct effects of earthworms through feeding, casting, burrowing activities and promoting the formation of soil aggregates, and indirect effects through influencing soil enzyme activities and microbial community composition on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling.The effects of earthworms on soil organic matter decomposition, nitrification and denitrification were also summarized.In the future, more attention should be paid to the establishment of quantitative models to assess the impact of earthworms on soil organic carbon pools, to systematically study the effects of the interaction of earthworms with microorganisms and other driving factors on the key processes of the carbon and nitrogen cycling, and to conduct multi-factor and multi-level research in combination with human activities.In the research method, the comprehensive application of isotope and molecular biology and other research methods, combined with indoor control and long-term field simulation experiments are required.

     

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