江西省葛种植区中重金属镉调查及其富集特征
Investigation and accumulation characteristics of cadmium in Pueraria planting area of Jiangxi Province
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摘要: 为探明葛种植区域土壤和植株中重金属镉含量，对江西省18个葛种植区进行野外调查和室内分析，揭示葛对镉的富集特征及转运规律，为研究葛安全质量控制技术提供理论依据。结果表明：调查区域土壤有效态镉和全镉含量分别为0.002~0.21 mg·kg-1和0.05~0.25 mg·kg-1，葛根、葛头、主藤、侧枝和叶片中镉含量分别为0.002~0.28 mg·kg-1、0.14~1.38 mg·kg-1、0.07~1.83 mg·kg-1、0.04~1.80 mg·kg-1和0.05~1.91 mg·kg-1；葛根、葛头、主藤、侧枝和叶片/土壤富集系数分别为：0.97、5.30、5.84、4.14和2.05，葛头、主藤、侧枝和叶片/葛根转运系数分别为11.64、8.54、6.16和3.56；不同部位镉含量表现为主藤(0.71 mg·kg-1)>葛头(0.58 mg·kg-1)>侧枝>(0.51 mg·kg-1)＞叶片(0.28 mg·kg-1)>葛根(0.11 mg·kg-1)，且主藤镉含量显著高于叶片和葛根(P < 0.05)；相关分析表明，土壤有效态镉和全镉与主藤、侧枝和叶片呈显著正相关，葛根与葛头、主藤和侧枝呈显著正相关。参考土壤镉含量、葛中镉含量、转运系数和富集特征等，并结合聚类分析表明江西省不同葛种植区中镉含量以渝水、兴国、德兴等地区较高，而永丰、南城、鄱阳、上高等地区较低；葛对重金属镉具有较强富集作用，种植过程中要选择土壤环境质量高的区域，避免高风险地区种植。Abstract:
In order to understand the content of heavy metal cadmium in the soil and plants of Pueraria planting areas, we conducted a field investigation combined with laboratory analysis for 18 areas of artificial Pueraria in Jiangxi Province, and revealed the accumulation characteristics transportation of cadmium by Pueraria; with an aim to provide theoretical basis for safety and quality control technology of Pueraria.The results showed that the available and total cadmium contents in the soil were 0.002~0.21 and 0.05~0.25 mg·kg-1 respectively.The cadmium content in Puerariae, root and aboveground parts, main vine, lateral branch and leaf were 0.002~0.28, 0.14~1.38, 0.07~1.83, 0.04~1.80 and 0.05~1.91 mg·kg-1 in the survey area, respectively.Pueraria, root and aboveground parts, main vine, lateral branch and leaf/soil enrichment coefficients were 0.97, 5.30, 5.84, 4.14 and 2.05, respectively.Root and aboveground parts, main vine, lateral branch and leaf/Pueraria translation coefficients were 11.64, 8.54, 6.16 and 3.56, respectively.The content of cadmium in different parts was in the order of main vine(0.71 mg·kg-1)> root and aboveground parts (0.58 mg·kg-1)>lateral branch(0.51 mg·kg-1)> leaf (0.28 mg·kg-1)>Puerariae(0.11mg·kg-1), and the cadmium content in the main vine was significantly higher than that in the leaf and Puerariae(P < 0.05).Correlation analysis showed that soil available cadmium and total cadmium were significantly positively correlated with main vine, lateral branch and leaf.Pueraria was significantly positively correlated with root and aboveground parts, main vine and lateral branch.Considering soil cadmium content, cadmium content in Pueraria, transport coefficient and enrichment characteristics combined with cluster analysis, we concluded that the cadmium content in Pueraria was with the highest in areas such as Yushui, Xingguo and Dexing, while Yongfeng, Nancheng, Poyang and Shanggao was with lower values; Pueraria was with a strong enrichment effect on the heavy metal cadmium, so the area with high soil environmental quality would be selected to avoid high-risk planting areas.
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