生物炭施用五年后对土壤生物化学特性及夏玉米产量的影响
Effects of biochar application after five years on soil biochemical properties and summer maize yield
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摘要: 生物炭施用可以提高作物产量和培肥土壤，但连年施用成本高，探讨一次性施用生物炭的后效对于降低成本投入和保障作物高产及培肥土壤具有重要意义。本研究通过设置不施生物炭(CK)、生物炭10 t·hm-2(T1)、生物炭15 t·hm-2(T2)、生物炭20 t·hm-2(T3)和生物炭25 t·hm-2(T4)的田间试验，探讨一次性施用后第5年夏玉米产量和土壤养分及微生物特性变化。结果表明：施用5年后，不同生物炭用量处理均不同程度增加了土壤有机碳、速效磷、速效钾、微生物量碳、氮含量及酶活性，并且随着生物炭用量的增加而增加，而土壤碱解氮含量变化不显著；T1、T2、T3和T4处理的玉米产量分别较CK显著增加了8.85%、14.5%、22.2%和30.1%。相关分析表明，产量的增加与土壤微生物碳氮、酶活性、土壤有机碳、速效磷、钾之间存在显著正相关关系。因此，生物炭一次性施用后5年仍呈现出显著的增产和培肥效果，且用量越高，后效越大。Abstract:
Biochar application can increase crop yield and improve soil fertility, but consecutive application increases cost, and thus exploring the effect of one-time application of biochar is a great significance for reducing input cost, ensuring high yield of crops and improving soil fertility.In this field experiment, we set up five rates of biochar treatments including biochar 10 t·hm-2 (T1), 15 t·hm-2 (T2), 20 t·hm-2 (T3), 25 t·hm-2 (T4) and no biochar(CK).The summer maize yield, changes in soil nutrients and soil microbial characteristics after five-years application were examined.The results showed that all biochar treatments increased the soil organic carbon, available phosphorus, available potassium, microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and enzyme activities.These effects enhanced with the increased rate of biochar application.However, no significant effects by biochar application on soil available nitrogen content were found.Compared with CK, T1, T2, T3 and T4 treatments significantly increased the maize yield by 8.85%, 14.5%, 22.2% and 30.1%, respectively.Correlation analysis showed that the increased summer maize yield was positively correlated with soil microbial carbon and nitrogen, enzyme activities, soil organic carbon, available phosphorus and potassium.Therefore, biochar application after five years still has a significant effect for increasing maize yield and improving soil fertility, and the higher the rate, the greater the after effect.
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