Agricultural modernization is the cornerstone of national modernization.As the country′s largest grain producing province and a major agricultural province, realizing the agricultural modernization of Heilongjiang Province can not only ensure national food security, but also strengthen the agricultural economy.This paper analyzes the current situation of agricultural development in the province and compares its development with other large agricultural provinces. Problems including serious imbalances in the third industry structure, unreasonable internal structure of the first industry, short agricultural industrial chain, and weak growth in agricultural production are proposed.The development experiences of agricultural modernization in developed countries, including agricultural management modernization, scientific and technological modernization, industrial modernization, and industrial ecology are summarized.Based on the actual conditions of Heilongjiang Province, the development path of agricultural modernization in the province is discussed from four dimensions, i.e., the modern agricultural management system, modern agricultural industry system, modern agricultural production system and modern agricultural ecological system.