南方红壤区喷施叶面硅肥对水稻Cd累积的影响

Effects of foliar silicon fertilizer on rice cadmium accumulation in red soil region of Southern China

  • 摘要:

    为研究叶面硅肥对水稻糙米的降镉(Cd)效果,在新余市典型Cd污染农田开展田间试验,于水稻拔节期、扬花期喷施两种叶面硅肥作为处理(编号为F1和F2),以喷施清水作为对照(CK),探讨叶面硅肥对水稻各部位Cd迁移、转化和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,F1和F2处理水稻产量增加了4.70%~6.26%;而糙米中Cd含量显著降低了33.3%~56.0%(P < 0.05);水稻叶片和谷壳中硅(Si)显著增加了25.2%~134%(P < 0.05)。喷施叶面硅肥处理的茎秆和谷壳中拮抗系数均显著高于CK(P < 0.05),相关性表明糙米中Cd含量与谷壳中Cd含量呈显著正相关关系,而与谷壳和茎秆中Si含量呈显著负相关关系。异地验证试验表明,在低Cd污染区(0.31 mg·kg-1),喷施叶面硅肥可以有效降低糙米中Cd含量,使其控制在糙米标准值(0.20 mg·kg-1)以下。

     

    Abstract:

    In order to understand the effects of foliar silicon fertilizer on cadmium (Cd) reduction in brown rice as well as on Cd migration, transformation in different parts of rice and grain yield, a field experiment was carried out in a typical Cd-contaminated farmland in Xinyu City, including three treatments, two kinds of foliar silicon fertilizer (F1 and F2) and water as a control (CK), sprayed at jointing and blooming stages.The results showed that compared with CK, the rice yields of F1 and F2 treatments increased by 4.70%~6.26%, the Cd in brown rice significantly decreased by 33.3%~56.0% (P < 0.05).Silicon (Si) in leaves and husks increased by 25.2%~134% (P < 0.05) at harvest.The antagonistic coefficient in stem and husk of foliar silicon fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that of CK (P < 0.05).The Cd content in brown rice was positively correlated with the Cd contents in husk, but negatively correlated with the Si content in husk and stem.The off-site verification test showed that foliar silicon fertilizer effectively reduced the Cd in brown rice in low Cd polluted areas (0.31 mg·kg-1), which was below the standard value (0.20 mg·kg-1).

     

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