外源物料添加对西辽河平原苏打盐碱化耕地土壤改良效果研究
Effects of exogenous material additions on the improvement of cultivated sodic-saline soil in West Liaohe Plain
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摘要:
耕地的土壤盐碱化成为制约西辽河平原农业发展的重要因素，为探究适合西辽河平原苏打盐碱化耕地土壤改良措施，以不同盐碱程度苏打盐碱化耕地土壤为研究对象，针对不同盐碱程度土壤选用适宜的改良物料开展田间控制微区试验，分析腐熟牛粪、微生物菌肥、腐殖酸、复合调理剂、脱硫石膏单施，复合调理剂、脱硫石膏与腐殖酸配施对土壤理化性质和玉米产量的影响。结果表明：轻度苏打盐碱化耕地土壤中施用腐殖酸6 000 kg·hm-2玉米产量提高8%，耕层土壤容重平均降低4.3%，土壤结构接近理想状态。在中度苏打盐碱化耕地土壤中施用复合调理剂22 500 kg·hm-2，0~40 cm土层的土壤容重降低2.8%，土壤结构得到明显改善，土壤pH平均下降0.61个单位，土壤碱化度和钠吸附比平均降低31.4%和19.8%，玉米产量提高11.8%。在重度苏打盐碱化耕地土壤中施用复合调理剂22 500 kg·hm-2并配施腐殖酸6 000 kg·hm-2显著提高了0~10 cm土层的土壤总孔隙度，降低了0~30 cm土层的土壤硬度和固相比，提高土壤液相比，对土壤结构的改善作用优于其他处理，0~40 cm土层的土壤pH平均下降0.29个单位，土壤碱化度、总碱度和钠吸附比平均下降19.1%、30.8%和20.7%，玉米增产29.8%。综合土壤改良和增产效果，在轻度苏打盐碱化耕地土壤中施用腐殖酸6 000 kg·hm-2为最优改良措施，在中度苏打盐碱化耕地土壤中施用复合调理剂22 500 kg·hm-2改良效果最佳，在重度苏打盐碱化耕地土壤中施用复合调理剂22 500 kg·hm-2并配施腐殖酸6 000 kg·hm-2改良效果优于其他处理。
Abstract:Salinization has become an important factor restricting the development of agriculture in the West Liaohe Plain.In order to explore the effects of soil improvement measures for cultivated sodic-saline soil in the West Liaohe Plain, field control micro-area tests were carried out on sodic-saline cropland fields with different salinization degrees.Various exogenous materials (decomposed cow dung, biological bacterial fertilizer, humic acid, desalinization gypsum and compound conditioner) were added in the soils with different salinization degrees.Soil physical and chemical properties (soil bulk density, porosity, hardness, three phase ratios, pH, alkalinization degree, sodium adsorption ratio, total alkali) and maize yield were analyzed.The results showed that 6 000 kg·hm-2 humic acid in light cultivated sodic-saline soil increased the maize yield by 8% and decreased the soil bulk density by 4.3% on average.In addition, the soil structure was close to ideal.The 22 500 kg·hm-2 compound conditioner in moderate cultivated sodic-saline soil decreased the soil bulk density at 0~ 40 cm soil layer by 2.8% on average, soil structure was significantly improved, soil pH decreased by 0.61 units on average, soil alkalinity and sodium adsorption ratio decreased by 31.4% and 19.8% on average, respectively.In addition, maize yield increased by 11.8%.Application of compound conditioner 22 500 kg·hm-2 with humic acid 6 000 kg·hm-2 in severe cultivated sodic-saline soil significantly increased total soil porosity at 0~10 cm soil layer, decreased soil hardness at 0~30 cm soil layer and increased soil liquid with a better effect on soil structure than other treatments.In addition, soil pH at 0~ 40 cm soil layer decreased 0.29 units, soil alkalinity, soil total alkalinity and sodium adsorption ratio decreased by 19.1%, 30.8% and 20.7% on average, and maize yield increased 29.8%, respectively.Based on the soil improvement and yield-increasing effect, the humic acid (6 000 kg·hm-2) in light cultivated sodic-saline soil, the compound conditioner (22 500 kg·hm-2) in moderate cultivated sodic-saline soil, and the compound conditioner (22 500 kg·hm-2) combined with humic acid (6 000 kg·hm-2) in severe cultivated sodic-saline soil would be the optimal improvement measures.
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