Abstract: Farmland is an important terrestrial ecosystem, and agricultural production often uses a large amount of chemicals including pesticides and fertilizers in the pursuit of yield, resulting in agricultural production becoming an important source of greenhouse gas emissions. The Sanjiang Plain is located in northeastern of Heilongjiang Province, and rice, as a major agricultural product in the region, often releases large amounts of greenhouse gases during cultivation, which has a certain impact on the ecological environment. In this paper, we applied the life cycle assessment (LCA) method to calculate the carbon footprint of rice production in the Sanjiang Plain region based on the observation of greenhouse gas emissions from rice fields. The results showed that the carbon footprint of the whole life cycle production of rice in the Sanjiang Plain area was 0.500 8 t(CE)·t⁻¹, of which CH₄ and N₂O emissions accounted for 71.8% and 8.68% of the total carbon footprint respectively. The greenhouse gases accounted for 80.4% of the total carbon footprint, which was the most important source of carbon emissions. Carbon emissions from fertilizer and pesticide application accounted for 15.6% of the total carbon emissions, while that from diesel consumed during mechanized production accounted for only 3.99% of the total carbon emissions. Therefore, the carbon emission control of rice production in the Sanjiang Plain region should focus on controlling greenhouse gas emissions. In order to achieve an environmentally friendly rice cultivation mode with low carbon emissions, traditional rice irrigation mode of flooding irrigation should be changed, new water-saving and emission-reducing irrigation technologies should be promoted, reasonable fertilization techniques with field management methods should be integrated, and rice varieties with low greenhouse gas emissions should be adopted.