Abstract: Healthy soil is the foundation for crop growth, green agriculture, and sustainable development of civilization. Reasonable evaluation of soil health is an inevitable requirement for precision agriculture and regenerative agriculture. Soil health evaluation and screening of sensitive indicators have been conducted; however, the adaptability, pros and cons of different soil health evaluation methods remain unclear. How to assess soil health sensitively and accurately needs to be solved. Therefore, based on clarifying the connotation of soil quality and soil health, this paper reviews the index structure, pros and cons and application limitations of major soil health evaluation methods. Three priorities in soil health study field are proposed. The health status evaluation of high-intensity anthropogenic soil (rice paddy, urban green space, mining land, and greenhouse) shall be received much more attention. Soil health assessment based on soil biological indicators needs to be optimized. Novel soil health assessment method adapted to different spatial scales is also needed.