Abstract: Continuous cropping obstacle is an important factor limiting the sustainable development of melon (Cucumis sativus L.) production. In order to investigate the effects of soil fumigation and microbial agents on alleviating high tunnel continuous melon obstacles and the underlying mechanisms, and select the most effective approach to control continuous melon barrier, we studied the effects of three soil fumigants (mylonon, bleach powder and Weibaimu) and three bacterial agents/microbial fertilizers (Jiyuanlian compound microbial agent, selenium mold compound fertilizer and polyglutamic acid compound microbial agent) on yield and quality of continuous melon, soil pH, EC, nutrients contents, enzyme activities and microbial community composition. The results showed that, compared with conventional fertilization, fumigation with Weibaimu decreased the number of fruits per plant, and yield by 27.7% and 30.9%, respectively; fumigation with mylonon decreased soil EC, the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium by 31.9%、67.2% and 26.6%, respectively. Soil fumigation had no significant effect on the richness of bacterial communities, whereas increased the diversity of soil fungal community and the relative abundance of unknown fungal taxa. Soil fumigation promoted the accumulation of biocontrol and growth-promoting bacteria (such as Rokubacteriales, Ktedonobacteria, Thermoleophilia, and Microbispora) in soil; however, fumigation with mylonon increased the accumulation of pathogenic fungi (such as Ciboria) in soil. On the contrary, the application of the three microbial agents/microbial fertilizers improved the yield, central and marginal sugar contents of continuous cropping melon by 35.7%, 3.5% and 8.8%, respectively. These treatments also increased the contents of soil total nitrogen , total carbon, the activities of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling-related enzymes and the relative abundance of functional microorganisms involved in soil C, N and P cycling (such as Dadabacteriales, Steroidobacter, Dongia, Arthrographis). The application of polyglutamic acid compound microbial agent is the most effective approach for improving the yield and quality, soil quality and microbial ecological functions for high tunnel continuous melon production.