多次低剂量应用草酸促进芹菜减磷生产

Multiple application of oxalic acid at low rates for promoting phosphorus input-reduced celery production

    摘要
  • 摘要: 针对蔬菜作物生长期一次性低剂量应用草酸土壤磷素活化作用时效短和一次性高剂量应用草酸风险较大的缺点，选用多次低剂量灌溉应用草酸的方法，以期持续、安全地活化设施菜地土壤盈余磷素，推动设施蔬菜减磷生产。选用速效磷含量分别为88.6和46.1mg·kg−1的两个设施菜地土壤（分别简称土壤A和土壤B）开展室内浅层土壤（深度为1 cm）培养试验、无植物和种植芹菜的盆栽土壤（深度17 cm）温室试验，探究多次低剂量应用草酸活化土壤磷素及促进芹菜生产效果。土壤培养试验揭示多次低剂量灌溉应用草酸（每次草酸应用0.36 g·kg−1，共5次，每次间隔10 d）均可以持续、平稳地提高土壤A和土壤B的水溶性无机磷（DIP）的含量。无植物的盆栽土壤试验则显示在土壤A中多次低剂量灌溉应用草酸的土壤磷素活化作用集中在0 ~ 10 cm土层，特别是0 ~ 5 cm土层。盆栽芹菜试验多次应用草酸（芹菜定植30 d应用草酸4次，每次0、0.18或者0.36 g·kg−1，每次间隔10 d）的结果显示，土壤A和土壤B施磷分别减量70%和54%的前提下，两个草酸应用剂量均提高芹菜收获时两个土壤0 ~ 5 cm土层的DIP含量，在土壤A中增幅显著（分别为92.0%和165%），在土壤B中仅较高草酸剂量下显著增加64.5%；较高草酸剂量的芹菜增产效果不明显，较低草酸剂量的增产效果显著（20.0% ~ 33.6%，P < 0.05），在土壤B中更为明显。多次低剂量灌溉应用草酸在其它土壤-蔬菜系统中的效果及风险有待研究。

     

    Abstract: Aiming at overcoming the shortcomings of single low-dose or high-dose application of oxalic acid in improving soil phosphorus (P) bioavailability during vegetable growth period, a method involving multiple application of oxalic acid through irrigation at low rates was adopted to safely enhance soil P bioavailability for promoting P input-reduced greenhouse vegetable production. The effects of multiple low-dose application of oxalic acid on activating soil P and promoting celery production were evaluated by indoor shallow soil (1 cm thick) incubation experiment and greenhouse pot soil (17 cm thick) experiments with and without celery using two greenhouse vegetable soils with available P values respectively as 88.6 and 46.1 mg·kg−1 (named as soil A and soil B, respectively). The soil incubation experiment revealed that multiple application of oxalic acid (0.36 g·kg−1 applied 5 times at 10-day intervals) steadily increases the content of dissolved inorganic P (DIP) in either soil. The potted soil experiment without plants revealed that the effect of elevating DIP level in soil A by such multiple low-dose application of oxalic acid concentrated in 0 - 10 cm soil layer, especially in 0 - 5 cm soil layer. The results from the potted celery experiment on multiple application of low-rate oxalic acid (0.18 or 0.36 g·kg−1 for 4 times at 10-day intervals 30 days after celery transplanting) showed that, under the condition of reducing P application by 70% in soil A and 54% in soil B, the application of oxalic acid at either rate increases the DIP content in 0 - 5 cm soil layer of either soil at celery harvest with the increase being significant at either rate in soil A (by 92.0% and 165%) and at the higher-rate in soil B (64.5%), while the lower-rate oxalic application is more effective in promoting celery growth, especially in soil B, significantly increasing celery yield by 20.0% - 33.6% (P < 0.05). More studies are needed on the performance and risk of multiple low-rate application of oxalic acid in other soil-vegetable systems.

     

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